IIoT應用機診斷

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　　電子工業在制造業中的應用近年來取得了巨大的飛躍，主要歸功于智能制造的舉措，如德國政府主導的工業4。物聯網帶來的產業發展勢頭對制造業自動化也產生了重大影響。事實上，這句話的物聯網產業，采用或IIoT，尊重為數據收集和分析的群眾，任何智能工廠實現控制方面需要物聯網高度相關的基本概念。在許多方面，IIoT一直被視為一個連接和控制方法更能夠立即提供生產力和效益比其他基于物聯網的項目。

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　　工業自動化系統自2000年代早期就已經在工廠實施，在這個階段許多專有的通信協議和網絡拓撲被用來連接自動化設備。這導致制造商的互操作性的方式很少，并捆綁工廠的實施，以潛在的一個供應商。除此之外，以太網已經成為世界上的網絡協議，雖然它的一些缺點，使其應用在工廠自動化項目有限公司。

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　　The primary challenge with standard Ethernet is that the MAC layer is not able to support real-time low latency data transfers. Designed for the transfer of large amounts of information across an enterprise network， the protocol is not suitable for moving the relatively small amounts of information needed for industrial control. For example， controlling a valve requires very little information to make it turn and for a sensor to report its current open/closed status. The other aspect of this is that， with Ethernet， control of the network is down to the devices attached to it， thus making it hard to predict when something will transfer. This， for a time-critical manufacturing process， is a major concern.

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　　Control of manufacturing robots， valves， actuators etc.， must take place in a deterministic manner. Diagnostics of the automation equipment in operation also requires a very deterministic response within the control instruction process such that an operation can be immediately halted before any other instruction is executed. It should also be noted that the focus of diagnostics is not only on the operation of the controlled device， such as a motor， actuator or valve， but of the network and associated network hardware too. German manufacturer Beckhoff had seen the wide adoption potential for Ethernet and developed its own Fieldbus protocol in order to correct the low bandwidth and deterministic nature within the standard Ethernet. This became known as EtherCAT? （Ethernet for Control Automation Technology） and is now an open standard and has become adopted by many thousands of automation equipment suppliers.

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